Fig. 1

Graphical summary of spinal stimulation-based therapies designed for multi-modal rehabilitation and/or reporting unintended effects. A-F Proportion of manuscripts (N = 36 total) in each category. G Chord diagram mapping stimulation targets to intended multi-modal or unintended effect(s); tgt: primary target of stimulation; ot: multi-modal or unintended effect. Numbers represent the number of papers in each chord. Note that chords are not mutually exclusive; e.g., some manuscripts primarily targeting movement but reporting unintended effects on bowel and bladder function may also be represented in other cords, such as motor to autonomic/cardiovascular function. H Literal number of manuscripts (of 36) for each primary stimulation target. I Number of manuscripts reporting therapeutically beneficial (solid bars) vs. bothersome (shaded bars) unintended effects of stimulation