Fig. 4
From: Overcoming failure: improving acceptance and success of implanted neural interfaces
Types and dimensions of different types of implanted neural interface electrodes in humans. A Penetrating electrodes, B Non-penetrating electrodes. References: UEA: (Blackrock Neurotech 2023a; Campbell et al. 1991); USEA: (Blackrock Neurotech 2023b); ISMS: (Bamford et al. 2017; Dalrymple et al. 2018; Nashold et al. 1972); LIFE: (Malagodi et al. 1989; Rijnbeek et al. 2018); TIME: (Boretius et al. 2010); DBS: (Butson and McIntyre 2006; Medtronic 2022); Depth electrodes: (Fu and Rutishauser 2025); ECoG: (Dubey and Ray 2019); Retinal: (Ayton et al. 2014); Stentrode: (John et al. 2019); Vagus: (Mehta et al. 2018; Suminski et al. 2023); PNS cuff: (Fisher et al. 2009); Cochlear: (Dalrymple et al. 2019; Nguyen et al. 2013); SCS linear: (Boston Scientific, 2017; Medtronic 2017); SCS paddle: (Medtronic 2017); FINE: (Tyler and Durand 2002); Sacral: (Markland et al. 1972; Rijkhoff et al. 1997, 1994); DRGS: (Al-Kaisy et al. 2019)